วันนี้จึงขอยกนิยาม (ภาษาอังกฤษ) ของ คำว่าการวิจัยและพัฒนา ที่มีการอ้างอิงกันอย่างแพร่หลายในระดับสากลมาให้นักศึกษาได้ทราบ เพื่อนำไปใช้อย่างถูกต้องและสามารถอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มาที่มีความน่าเชื่อถือได้
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT – OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Research and development is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Source Publication: OECD Frascati Manual, Fifth edition, 1993, para. 58, page 13.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT – SNA (System of National Accounts)
Research and development by a market producer is an activity undertaken for the purpose of discovering or developing new products, including improved versions or qualities of existing products, or discovering or developing new or more efficient process of production.
Source Publication: SNA 6.142 [6.163]
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT – UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)
Research and development services in natural sciences and engineering; social sciences and humanities and interdisciplinary.
Any creative systematic activity undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this knowledge to devise new applications.
Includes fundamental research, applied research in such fields as agriculture, medicine, industrial chemistry, and experimental development work leading to new devices, products or processes.
Source Publication: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, UNESCO, Paris, 68 and 65, Chap. 5.
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